Capacitor

Definition

A capacitor is a passive linear dipole such that the current passing through it is proportional to the derivative of the voltage across its terminals.

Symbol

• Capacitance $C$ is measured in Farads (F)
• Typical range: $[ 1 \text{pF} ; 100 \mu \text{F} ]$

Formula

• Charge Relationship:

$$i_{AB} = C \frac{\mathrm{d} U_{AB}}{\mathrm{d} t}$$

Series Connection

A circuit composed of multiple capacitors connected in series can be reduced to a single equivalent resistance $C_e$, given by:

$$\frac{1}{C_e} = \frac{1}{C_1} + \frac{1}{C_2} + \dots + \frac{1}{C_n}$$

Parallel Connection

A circuit composed of multiple capacitors connected in parallel can be reduced to a single equivalent resistance $C_e$, given by:

$$C_e = C_1 + C_2 + \dots + C_n$$